Europe's Decade-Long Drought Crisis Worsens Amid Rising Heatwaves

Drought has affected nearly every country in Europe over the past decade. The problem has grown more severe, with heatwaves and dry spells becoming more frequent and intense. Southern Europe has been hit particularly hard, with widespread water shortages and restrictions. Between 2012 and 2026, every nation in the European Economic Area, the UK, North Macedonia, Albania, and Serbia faced drought conditions. Two-thirds of all European regions recorded at least one extremely dry year during this period, with moderate drought lasting 183 days or more. On average, 10 percent of Europe’s land area suffered moderate drought for at least 100 days each year.

Albania, Serbia, Poland, and Liechtenstein saw a sharp decline in drought resilience since 2012. Spain and other countries have responded by imposing strict water-use limits. The agricultural sector, a major water consumer, is under increasing pressure as dry conditions persist.

The economic impact has been steep. In 2025 alone, extreme weather cost Europe at least €43 billion. If trends continue, losses could rise to €126 billion by 2029. Drought now touches nearly every aspect of life across Europe. Water restrictions, agricultural strain, and economic losses highlight the growing challenge. The continent faces mounting costs unless conditions improve or adaptation measures are strengthened.