Revolutionary Hybrid Catalyst Merges Light and Enzymes for Greener Chemistry

Scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Microtechnology and Microsystems IMM have created a new type of hybrid catalyst. These particles combine light-powered photocatalysis with precise biocatalysis in a single system. The breakthrough could change how chemicals are made in a more sustainable way.

The hybrid catalysts were developed through a joint effort by three Fraunhofer Institutes. Fraunhofer ISC designed the core structure using supraparticles—tiny clusters that merge carbon nitride (C₃N₄) as a photocatalyst with silica particles carrying enzymes. Fraunhofer IMM then tested them in a capillary photoreactor, proving their stability in continuous flow setups. Meanwhile, Fraunhofer IME supported the research network, helping refine the technology.

When visible light shines on the photocatalyst, it produces hydrogen peroxide directly inside the reaction system. This eliminates the need for handling or storing hazardous intermediates, simplifying the process. The team also identified a 'compatibility window'—optimal conditions where the photocatalytic and enzymatic steps work together smoothly.

The design of these supraparticles ensures efficient reactions while preventing unwanted side effects. Their modular structure allows adjustments for different uses, making them adaptable for various industries. Testing in near-industrial conditions showed high productivity and stability, even in demanding continuous flow operations.

Production relies on a scalable spray-drying method, ensuring the catalysts can be made in large quantities. Their flexibility extends to both batch and continuous processes, improving heat control, reducing space needs, and boosting safety.

The new hybrid catalysts offer a cleaner, more efficient way to produce chemicals. By combining light-driven reactions with enzyme precision, they cut out dangerous intermediate steps and streamline manufacturing. Industries could soon adopt this technology for safer, more sustainable chemical processes.