Scientists turn DNA into a live-cell control system for real-time manipulation

Scientists at POSTECH have transformed DNA from a passive genetic blueprint into an active tool inside living cells. The breakthrough, led by Professor Jongmin Kim and Ph.D. candidate Geonhu Lee, repurposes DNA to control cellular behaviour in real time. Their findings, published in Nature Chemistry, could reshape fields like medicine, environmental science, and bioengineering. DNA has long been known as the body's instruction manual, storing and passing on genetic information. But this study shifts its role entirely. The team used a bacterial system called Retron, which synthesises DNA fragments through reverse transcription. These fragments act independently, binding to specific proteins and altering their function or location within cells.

The researchers showcased three key applications. First, they demonstrated selective protein binding, allowing precise control over protein activity. Next, they achieved dynamic protein relocalisation, moving proteins to targeted areas inside cells. Finally, they recorded fleeting molecular events in live cells, capturing data that was previously difficult to track. Funding for the project came from multiple sources, including South Korea's Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and ICT. Their support helped turn a theoretical concept into a functional biological toolkit.

This innovation turns DNA into a programmable agent rather than just a storage molecule. The ability to manipulate proteins and monitor cellular processes in real time could accelerate drug development, environmental monitoring, and synthetic biology. The study's applications are now poised for further testing and potential industrial adoption.